The Image and the Word

This generation has seen an accelerated move away from the written word towards the image as communication. It is filmmakers who are the most influential poets of our age.

This raises questions for us as communicators of the gospel message as to how we do this. Is the gospel something that needs to be communicated via words? Or can we use images? Some will point to Jesus’ identity as the Word of God as an indication that words should take primacy over images, however this depends on the traditional English translation of logos as “word” when that may not carry John’s meaning as well as some other translations (eg logos is translated as tao (literally “way” in Chinese). It also ignores that Jesus is called the image of invisible God in Colossians, so image and word both seem to be valid ways of thinking about God and the gospel.

The Bible, and Jesus’ teaching in particular is full of image-rich metaphors and illustrations. And in times before literacy was widespread, teaching was image-based. The stained glass windows that are iconic in many old churches were originally used as teaching aids for an illiterate congregation.

This article from Alister McGrath talks about how a lot of CS Lewis’ effectiveness in communicating his ideas came from not only his use of imagery but from a framework of “seeing” as understanding God.

How about you? Do you see the gospel as more “seeing the light” as “hearing the word”.

The Wisdom of Introverts


In this TED talk Susan Cain, the author of Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking talks about the way that our society has marginalised much of what introverts have to offer in the past century.

As an introvert myself (and the only one in my household) i was encouraged by this message and thought about what I could do in my work to allow introverts to better flourish and express their creativity.

One point that struck me was how our habit of group decision making is often detrimental, as it panders to the most charismatic talker. She makes the observation of how many of the world’s sages went off to the wilderness in solitude to bring back wisdom for society.

In our ministry we tend to do a lot of decision-making in meetings, and I was struck that it may helpful to build something of this structure into our decision-making at meetings. To pitch a problem, to allow people to go off individually to consider the problem for a period of time, and then to come back to share our wisdom with the group at large, as opposed to having a free-for-all discussion.

The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey

The Hobbit was my most anticipated movie of the year and on Boxing Day I was able to watch it in 48fps 3D. I had heard mixed feedback from people regarding the 48fps however in my opinion it looked fabulous.

Not to say that this was a perfect movie though, I do think it was a very good movie. If you haven’t seen it yet, then you might want to go and watch it before reading any further as I won’t be taking care to avoid spoilers.

There are some things about this movie that are difficult because the source material is difficult. Tolkien does not spend much time developing the dwarves characters, and I would imagine most people would struggle to remember much more about the band (other than Thorin) than the fact that Bombur is fat, Fili and Kili are young, and Balin is friendliest to Bilbo. The movie does give Balin and Bofur character development, but there is not time to develop the others beyond very simple characterization. The fact that there is this image doing the rounds on the internet is evidence of the problems (and solutions) the filmmakers had differentiating the dwarves –  a problem that is not as big in the book as you are not constantly reminded of the fact that you don’t remember which dwarf is which as you can’t see them. It is not surprising to know that this is one of the major struggles the filmmakers dealt with and according to Philippa Boyens, the solution was found only when the realised that 13 dwarves is not “too many” but “too few” – too few to have a realistic chance of retaking the hoard under the mountain from Smaug, that is.

Those who have read the book will know that no major character dies before the Battle of Five Armies right at the end of the book. This is a problem in making the Hobbit a trilogy, although to be fair it was already a problem when it was a two-film story. Fellowship of the Ring had the deaths of Gandalf and Boromir to remind us that this was a world with real and deadly dangers, but An Unexpected Journey has no opportunity to show us such danger unless it departed from the script significantly in sacrificing one of the band to one of the many dangers the party face in the first film. We can expect more of the same in the next film as well. This is a problem as no matter how desperate a situation the party or any individual finds themselves in, we find that watching the film we do not really fear for their safety because it seems as though nothing can really hurt them.

This is not helped by what is probably my biggest gripe about the film, and this is really Peter Jackson’s most glaring weakness as a film-maker – his fascination with spectacle. Whereas in the book Bilbo knocks his head when being carried by a dwarf, in the film he falls hundreds of metres down a chasm. In the book a race down scree on the side of the mountain to escape the goblins becomes an almost free-fall slide on a broken platform down the entire side of the mountain before being crushed by the goblin king. Where there is a line referencing stone giants throwing boulders in the mountains, this is a temptation Peter Jackson can’t resist to include an entire scene where the path the party is on breaks apart and is part of the stone giants as they battle each other. In each of these cases, the survival of the characters without so much as a scratch tells the viewer they are in a world more akin to that of roadrunner and Wile E. Coyote than our own. These only exacerbate the problem of the audience not feeling any fear or concern for the characters’ safety.

I don’t have a problem with the introduction of the dwarf-hunting orc band. The film needed its own story arc, and Thorin and Bilbo in particular needed an arc within this film. The issue of Bilbo rushing out to rescue Thorin fits in the arc of this story, but would not have happened if the Hobbit had remained a two-film story as Bilbo has his opportunity to demonstrate his courage against the spiders in Mirkwood (watch for this in the next film). Azog is also a fitting adversary for Thorin, and I wouldn’t be surprised if they end up killing each other on the battlefield in the Battle of Five Armies. Most of the other changes from the book I can also accept without too much of a problem.

The Quest of Erebor storyline was well played. The scenes with Radagast in Dol Goldur and Rhosgobel were some of the few where you really feared for the survival of a character you cared about. We get a sense that Saruman has already turned evil and Gandalf and Galadriel are beginning to have doubts about him.

The Unexpected Party, The Riddle Game and the backstory of the dwarves were excellently done. I found myself marvelling at the scenes of the dwarven kingdom under the mountain, and the battles between the dwarves and orcs, and the entrance of Smaug were suitably spectacular – after all, despite Peter Jackson’s tendency to go over the top with spectacle – when the moment calls for it, no one does it better, although he does have the advantage of being able to call upon the wizards of Weta Workshops, whose prop, model, costume work and overall design is second to none. And the CGI and motion capture is at as high a level as you will see in any other movie. Andy Serkis is excellent as Gollum of course.

Peter Jackson will face similar challenges in the second film. In this film the company overcame trolls, an orc hunting band (twice), stone giants, Gollum and goblin town with no casualties. They are going to have to contend with the spiders of Mirkwood and the Elven king with an escape in barrels and possibly an encounter with Smaug as well in the second movie also without casualties (if you don’t include ponies). This is going to be a challenge to maintain the tension over 6 hours of storytelling without anything irreversably bad happening. Perhaps there are elements of the Necromancer storyline that can help alleviate this problem but we know that the characters in that storyline who we care about all survive to the Lord of the Rings.

As the credits started to roll I was somewhat surprised that almost three hours had past and so the film passes this most critical of tests of not boring the audience. And the second film, despite my concerns will still be my most anticipated film of 2013.

 

Russell Brand v Westboro Baptist on theology – who would win?

Watch this video of Russell Brand interviewing two members of Westboro Baptist Church and decide for yourselves (warning: there’s foul language in this video) …

If you have only encountered Russell brand through the gossip pages then you may not be aware that he is an incredibly profound thinker and very intelligent. And he has a pretty good grasp of some theological points. Such as …

1) On the writing of Scripture, “The Bible wasn’t literally written by a cosmic entity”. He’s right, and as he goes on when confronted that the Bible was written by the Holy Spirit, “The Holy Spirit ain’t got a pen!” He seems to understand the dual nature of the writing of Scripture better than the Westboro Baptist representatives.

2) “If Gandhi’s going down [to hell], then none of us are safe.” And here again he’s right with a contemporary parallel to Matthew 5:20 “For I tell you that unless your righteousness surpasses that of the Pharisees and the teachers of the law, you will certainly not enter the kingdom of heaven.

3) The Westboro Baptist guys seem to believe in a capricious bully God – according to them God sends people to hell “because he can”. Now there are lots of good arguments why God would send people to hell, but “because he can” is not one of them – it makes God out to be a tyrant.

4) Of course Russell Brand’s theology is not perfectly orthodox. He seems to see the Bible as mainly symbolic or allegorical. His view of God seems to be something of a hippy “peace, love and tolerance” God who accepts us as we are, and accepts that we remain that way forever, instead of a God who refines us and causes us to grow and change. But he is much more switched on that his appearance and persona indicate.

Points decision to Russell Brand? That’s my call

New Testament Manuscript Evidence – Updated

 

Almost 20 years ago I pasted a crib sheet in the back of my Bible which included most of the evidence to deal with questions I got about the reliability of the Bible.

Included in that crib sheet was a table comparing New Testament manuscripts with manuscript evidence for other classical works. This table below:

Author and Work Date Written Earliest Copy Time Span No. of mss today
Caesar (Gallic War) 100-44 BC 900 AD 1000 years 10
Plato (Tetralogies) 427-347 BC 900 AD 1200 years 7
Tacitus (Annals) 100 AD 1100 AD 1000 years 20
Pliny the Younger (History) 61-113 AD 850 AD 750 years 7
Thucidides (History) 460-400 BC 900 AD 1300 years 8
Sophocles 496-406 BC 1000 AD 1400 years 100
Aristotle 384-322 BC 1100 AD 1400 years 5
Homer’s Iliad 900 BC 400 BC 500 years 643
New Testament 50-90 AD  Fragments 100-125AD, Papyrii 200AD <150 years  Greek – 6000+, Total – 24,000+

Well, as it turns out, a lot of this data is out of date. The table should in fact look more like this one:

Author and Work Date Written Earliest Copy Time Span No. of mss today
Caesar (Gallic War) 100-44 BC  1000 AD 900 years 251
Plato (Tetralogies) 427-347 BC 900 AD 1200 years ?
Tacitus (Annals) 100 AD 850 AD 750 years 33
Pliny the Younger (Letters) 61-113 AD 850 AD 750 years ?
Pliny the Elder (Natural History) 23-79 AD 1000AD 900 years 200
Thucidides (History) 460-400 BC 900 AD 1300 years 50
Sophocles 496-406 BC 800 AD 1200 years 100
Aristotle 384-322 BC 850 AD 1200 years 1000
Homer’s Iliad 900 BC 400 BC 500 years 1757
New Testament 50-90 AD Fragments 100-125AD, Papyrii 200AD <150 years Greek – 5686

The red figures are those that have changed and the question marks are figures I can’t verify (at least not quickly). It is important for us when we present information regarding the reliability of the Bible to make sure we present it accurately, otherwise we fall into the trap of either being naive regarding the trustworthiness of our Scriptures, or even worse, of deliberately presenting a false picture. Especially, as in this case, the figures which have been commonly repeated by Christians overstate the case for the New Testament by some margin. And it is really not necessary, as the New Testament still has more than 3 times as many manuscripts and a third of the time between autograph and earliest manuscript of the next best, which is still Homer’s Iliad.

Thanks to Clay Jones, for pointing out the error regarding the number of manuscripts of Homer’s Iliad, which got me investigating this issue.

A few bits about Story

There have been a few story-related items that have come across my inbox in the past few days.

The first is this video about the necessity of story-telling in a post-broadcast era

Winning the Story Wars – The Hero’s Journey from Free Range Studios on Vimeo.

One thing I found a little ironic was the comment about the importance of living out the values we espouse with LiveStrong featured in the video and the recent revelations about Lance Armstrong.

Another is this post from Michael Hyatt on the essential elements of powerful storytelling.

And the last is this list of things to know if you want to be successful in the field of visual storytelling.

What are the most important lessons in story and storytelling you have come across?

Doing the Monster Mash

As Halloween arrives, no doubt you have been exposed to views telling you why Christians shouldn’t participate at all, or should participate in alternative activities, or participate fully. For myself, growing up in New Zealand, Halloween was a non-event, a foreign holiday really. What we did instead was celebrate Guy Fawkes (a few days later) by burning an effigy of a political revolutionary and setting off fireworks.

Anyhow, sometimes I hear the question (or sentiment) of “What good have monsters ever done for us?”

Well, monsters have been a teaching aid from the year dot (monster and demonstrate share an etymological root as Peter S Williams explains in a podcast episode). And they have a lot to offer in teaching spiritual truth and you can find a couple of examples of how this is being done in Night of the Living Dead Christians by Matt Mikalotos, and The Zombie Bible by Stant Litore.

And since we’re on the topic of hellish things, here’s a great little song by one of my favourite bands, The Lost Dogs